Hardage's English Class

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  mrhardage@yahoo.com     

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This page was last updated: June 28, 2006
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Greek and Latin Word Roots
Alphabetic listing
    constitus  philia  tele
contra     phobo  thesis
cum   photo   tropos
dem  prae   tract
digitus    pro     verbum 
chron      pyro    video
graphskopeo
kinesis    sonus
metron    syn
nomen      
  




photosGreek
[Fo  TOSS]light
photograph-(graph – write, draw) – picture drawn by light
telephoto  -(tele – distant)  - light from far away
photometer      -(metron – measure) – a device which measures light
phototropic      -(tropos – turn) – turning toward light
photophilia-(philia – love) – love of light
photophobia      -(phobos  – fear) – fear of light
photosynthesis  (syn – together) + (thesis, putting) --a process of putting things
together using light


Photokenesis (kenesis – movement)
Photovoltaic (volvere – to roll)
Phosphorus   (pherein – to bear, to produce) -- (Roman name for Evening Star)
http://www.palmbeacss.qld.edu.au/yellow/images/hot%20light%20soldier.jpg  
http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/files/romansoldiercol.jpg
sonusRoman, Latin
[SOH  noos]sound

sound-vibrations perceived by our ears
sonic -relating to what we can hear
sonnet      -a form of rhyming Italian poetry
sonovox    -(vox – voice) machine that makes sound-effect voices
sonarSound Navigation and Ranging
(device that detects sound under water
sonata      -instrumental (not vocal) musical  composition with
three or four  movements
consonant -(con – with) speech sounds made with lips, tongue,
or teeth

graphGreek
[GRAFF]to write, to draw

graph -pictured information
photograph-(photos – light) – picture drawn by light
phonograph-(phone– sound)  - machine for writing
(recording) sound
phonogram -(phone – sound) – written symbol for a  sound
telegraph  -(tele – distant) – writing from far away
lithograph -(lithos – stone) – drawing made on stone
graphite    -(ite – product) – product for writing
autograph -(autos  – self) – to write  one’s own name
hologram   -(holos – complete)  three-dimensional
photograph of a whole object

Pictograph – (pictura – painting)  Writing form in which pictures are used in
place of words


http://www.palmbeacss.qld.edu.au/yellow/images/hot%20light%20soldier.jpg  
video, visumRoman, Latin
[WI deh o]see
[WEE soom]see

video   -   picture portion of television
television    -  (tele [Gr.] – far) –  machine for seeing things from far away
videophone –  (phone Gr.] – sound) –  TV screen for seeing person you
are telephoning
Montevideo -  (mons, montis – mountain)  ---  “Mountain View” –
Capital of Uruguay
evidence     -  (e, ex – out)  out of what one can see
advise          -  (ad – to, toward)  took and tell your view
invisible       -  (in – not)  not to be seen
provide - (pro – for, before) to foresee, to look out for in advance
visit     -  to go to see someone in person


http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/files/romansoldiercol.jpg
Friends, this is a creole of the language . . . but fun to play with.

teleGreek
[TAY leh]far away, distant

television    -  (tele  – far) –  machine for seeing things from far away
telephone   –  (phone  – sound) –  sound from far away
telephoto     - (photo - light) - light from far away
telegraph       - (graph - write) - writing from a distance
telescope      - (skopeo - look at) device for looking at distant objects
telepathy       - (pathos - feeling)  knowing how someone far away is feeling
telethon - (Marathon) - site of battle in ancient Greece
a telephone fundraiser which runs on non-stop, as did
Pheidippides after the Battle of Marathon

http://campus.northpark.edu/history/Webchron/Mediterranean/Marathon.html


verbumRoman, Latin
[WAIR boom]     word

verb- the action word in a sentence
verbal     - of, or pertaining to, words
verbiage - use of too many words; chatter
verbatim - wor-for-word copy or record
verbalize- to express in words
verberium       - game in which a word is changed into others by rearranging its letters
proverb   - (pro - forward) - a wise or profound saying
verbose   - (-osos - full of) - wordy, full of word


metronGreek
[ME tron]measure

meter- unit of measure, 37.37 inches long
geometry  - (geo - earth measurement of the earth
optometry - (opsis - sight) measurement of eyesight
symmetry  - (sym - same, equal) measuring the same
barometer       - (baros - weight, pressure) device to measure air pressure
thermometer    - (thermos - heat) device for measuring heat
diameter   - (dia - through, across) - measuring across (e.g. a circle)
centimeter- (centum - hundred) - one hundredth of a meter
anemometer      - (anemos - wind) - device for measuring wind speed



nomen, nominisRoman, Latin
[NO men]name
[NO mi nis]name

nominate- suggest someone's name for office
nomination     - act of naming a candidate for office
nominal  - (a) in name only; not real or actual)
       (b) being according to plan; satisfactory
nomenclature -      - (calo, calatum - call) system of names
used to classify knowledge;
what we call things
nom de plume- (French) pen name of an author
(pluma - feather) - quill pen
denomination- (de - down from) - names of classes or
categories, e.g. religions, money
denominator - part of a fraction below the line

www.davescollectables.com/ 0000002583.
troposGreek
[TROH  poss]turning

tropics- the area of the earth from the equator north to the
Tropic of Cancer and south to the Tropic of Capricorn
tropical       - the climate of the earth in the tropics
phototropic - (photo - light) -turnigh toward light as leaves and
flowers do
heliotrope   - (helios - sun) a flower named for its tendency to turn
toward the sun
tropophilous       - (philia - love) - plants or trees which like a change or
turning of seasons - hot and cold, wet and dry
thermotropism     - (thermos - heat) - turning toward heat


proRoman, Latin
[PRO]for, before
in place of
forward

profess- (fateor, fassus sum - admit, reveal) to admit that one is an expert
professional - one who claims to be an expert
problem       - (balleinI - throw) - anything thrown forward to be worked on or solved
proboscis    - (boskein - feed, graze) - trunk or snout for grazing
prologue     - ( logos - word, study) - words before beginning a play or book
proclaim      - (clamo, clamatum - shout) - announce, cry out, publish
proceed     - (cedo, cessurus - move, yield) - move forward
pronoun      - (nomen - name) - word that stands for a noun

philiaGreek
[FI  li  ah]love
friendship


philosopher- (sophia - wisdom) -- one who loves wisdom
Philadelphia       - (adelphos - brother) -- city of brotherly love
philanthropist    - (anthropos - man) -- one who cares about his fellow man
phillumenist       - (lumen - light) -- one who collects matchbook covers
philogynist        - (gyne - woman) -- one who loves women
philologist - (logos - word) -- one who loves words
philtre      -  love potion
Anglophile- (Angli - English) -- one who loves England
Francophile      - (Francus - France) -- one who loves France
bibliophile- (biblos - book) -- one who loves books
philharmonic    - (harmonia - harmony or concord) lover of sounds which agree well together
Philip       -  (hippos - horse) - shortened form of Greek name Philippos -- one who loves horses


praeRoman/Latin
[PRY] before
in front of

predict- (dico, dictum - say)  say beforehand, foretell
preamble    - (ambulo, ambulatum - walk) - that which goes before
precaution  - (caveo, cautum - be on guard) - being on guard beforehand
precursor   - (curro, cursum - run) - one who runs ahead
prefer - (fero, latum - bear, carry) - carry to a forward position or rank
pregnant    - (gigno, genitum - bring forth) - condition before birth
prejudice   - (judicium - judgment) - make judgment beforehand

http://www.bischgym.at/engarbspr/sodier.gif

phobosGreek
[FOH  boss]  fear


phobia  - irrational fear
agoraphobia- (agora – marketplace) fear of public places
(where people gather)
claustrophobia   - (claustrum {L.} – lock, bolt) – fear of closed places
hydrophobia      - (hydro – water) fear of water or swimming
also a stage of rabies shown as panic
and fear of swallowing
phobophobia- fear of being afraid
zoophobia   - (zoon – animal) fear of animals
toxikophobia      - (toxikos – poison) fear of poison
Phobos       - a moon of the planet Mars
bacteriophobia  - (bakterion - staff, rod, walking stick) –
fear of germs
pyrophobia- (pyro – fire) – fear of fire




http://www.troymod.com/media/conceptarts/soldier4.



tract –Roman, Latin
[trakt]to pull
    drag
  draw

attract(ad- at, to + trahere to pull)  to pull toward one’s self,
toward itself
contract(com – with) – to pull together, reduce in size,
detract (de – from) – to pull down, disparage
extract (ex – out) – to draw forth, pull or take out forcibly
protract(pro – forward) – to draw forward, to pull forward
retract (re – back) take back, recant, disavowhttp://www.bighobby.co.kr/shop/data/419/MP9020_0.jpg
tractionact of drawing, state of being drawn, pulled
tractorthat which pulls


chron Greek

[KRON]      time

anachronism(ana  not + chrono  time+ ism process)chronological
misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs
relative to each other
chronicmarked by long duration or frequent recurrence
chronicle     as a verb, "to record;" as a noun, a recordhttp://mi.rio.edu/images/human.gif
synchronize (syn same +) same time - represent, arrange (events) to indicate
coincidence or coexistence
chronometer